Lithium-ion batteries have become an integral part of our everyday lives, powering everything from mobile phones and laptops to electric vehicles (EVs) and cordless tools. Their compact size, high energy density, and long lifespan make them an ideal power source for many modern devices. However, while they offer significant advantages, lithium-ion batteries also come with certain safety risks that users should be aware of.

The Growing Use of Lithium-Ion Batteries

The global market for lithium-ion batteries is expected to grow substantially over the next decade, with annual growth rates projected at 27% until 2030. Much of this growth will be driven by the increased use of mobility devices, such as electric vehicles (EVs), as well as in everyday consumer electronics. Their popularity stems from their ability to store a large amount of energy in a relatively small, lightweight package, making them more efficient than many alternative battery types.

Despite their many benefits, the increasing prevalence of lithium-ion batteries also comes with increased risk. Between 2017 and 2023, the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) received over 230 safety reports related to lithium-ion batteries, and 24 product recalls were issued, affecting nearly 89,000 products. Lithium-ion battery incidents increased by 92% between 2020 and 2022, highlighting the importance of understanding and mitigating the risks associated with these powerful batteries.

The Risks of Lithium-Ion Batteries

While lithium-ion batteries are highly efficient, they also carry the risk of failure, which can result in fires or explosions. Fires caused by lithium-ion batteries can be particularly dangerous, as they release toxic gases and can cause significant property damage. The fires may also result in serious injury or even death. Issues can arise from overheating, using incompatible chargers, physical damage (e.g., from drops or accidents), or exposure to high external temperatures. These factors can cause the battery’s internal management system to fail, leading to dangerous consequences.

One of the most concerning aspects of lithium-ion battery fires is that they can be extremely difficult to extinguish. Due to a process known as thermal runaway, a fire will continue burning until all the energy stored within the battery is depleted. Water can cool the battery down, but it may not fully extinguish the fire, and even when it appears to be out, the battery can reignite hours or even days later.

Preventing Lithium-Ion Battery Fires

Although lithium-ion battery fires can be serious, there are steps users can take to reduce the risks:

• • Use Reputable Products: Always purchase lithium-ion batteries from reputable suppliers that meet Australian standards. Look for the Regulatory Compliance Mark to ensure that the battery is approved for use in Australia.
• • Monitor for Damage: Regularly check batteries for signs of damage, such as swelling, discolouration, or leaking. Damaged batteries should be replaced immediately with those approved by the manufacturer.
• • Avoid Heat and Moisture: Keep lithium-ion batteries away from excessive heat or moisture. Exposure to high temperatures can cause the battery to overheat and malfunction.
• • Follow Charging Guidelines: Always follow the manufacturer’s charging procedures, and never overcharge a device. Overcharging can create excessive heat within the battery cell, increasing the risk of fire.
• • Use Approved Chargers: Only use chargers that have been provided with or approved by the manufacturer. Using third-party chargers that aren’t designed for a specific device can cause the battery to overheat or malfunction.

Safe Charging Practices

When charging devices that use lithium-ion batteries, it’s essential to take precautions to reduce the risk of fire. Follow these key guidelines for safe charging:

• • Don’t Charge on Flammable Surfaces: Avoid charging devices on surfaces like beds, sofas, or blankets. These materials can catch fire if the battery overheats.
• • Use the Right Charger: Always use the charger that was supplied with the device or one that is approved by the manufacturer. Inexpensive, third-party chargers may not regulate power correctly, leading to overheating.
• • Don’t Leave Devices Unattended: It’s a good practice to avoid leaving devices unattended while charging, particularly overnight. For devices like e-bikes, e-scooters, or other electric vehicles, charge them in a garage, shed, or carport, away from living spaces and combustible materials.

How to Store Lithium-Ion Batteries Safely

Proper storage of lithium-ion batteries is just as important as safe usage. To minimize the risk of incidents, store batteries in a cool, dry location, away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Keep them out of reach of flammable materials, and ensure they are stored in an area that is well-ventilated. If you’re storing batteries for an extended period, it’s advisable to keep them at around 50% charge to prevent damage to the cells.

If you notice any signs of failure, such as swelling, overheating, discolouration, or unusual noises (such as popping or crackling), the battery should be replaced immediately with one from the original manufacturer. Using a damaged or defective battery significantly increases the risk of a fire.

What to Do If a Lithium-Ion Battery Fire Occurs

If you suspect a lithium-ion battery fire, take immediate action:

• • Unplug the device if it’s safe to do so.
• • Avoid inhaling any smoke or fumes, as these may be toxic.
• • Move the device away from flammable materials, windows, and doors.
• • If it’s a smaller device, you may be able to place it in a bucket of clean, cool water to help cool it down.
• • Call emergency services at 000. Even if the fire appears to be out, there is a risk it could reignite.

Electric Vehicle Lithium-Ion Battery Safety

With the rise of electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries are playing an even greater role in everyday life. EV batteries, however, also present unique risks. Minor damage to an EV battery can make the vehicle unsafe to drive, and battery fires in electric vehicles can be particularly challenging due to the size of the battery and the energy it stores.

When installing EV chargers at home, it’s essential to have a licensed electrician install the charger and ensure the charging area is well-ventilated and free of flammable materials. Following the manufacturer’s instructions and charging recommendations is crucial for minimizing risks.

Disposing of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Lithium-ion batteries should never be disposed of in regular household waste, as they can cause fires during waste collection and processing. Instead, take them to a battery recycling facility or a local recycling centre.

For damaged batteries, place them in a clear plastic bag and take them to a chemical cleanout event or community recycling centre to ensure they are disposed of safely.

The above article is sourced from: https://www.qbe.com/au/news/how-safe-are-lithium-ion-batteries?&utm_campaign=cl-qnect-news-apr2024

Disclaimer

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